Add Roles to Administration, with Stalwart's permissions in every language
A role is a named set of permissions given to accounts, groups and tenants. It gets its own section under a new Access heading: every role listed with the permissions it grants once its bases are followed, and a panel to create, edit and delete one. A role builds on others and has everything they grant; a denial anywhere in the tree wins, which is how Stalwart resolves it (permissions.rs unions enabled and disabled across the tree, then subtracts). The picker is Stalwart's own list of permissions, under its headings, searchable and filterable to what is granted or set here. Each permission is not set, allowed or denied, and one that is inherited says which role it comes from. Only permissions the viewer holds can be allowed, because Stalwart refuses the rest, and a role carrying anything the viewer lacks opens read-only with no delete, because Stalwart checks a grant but not a delete. Saving sends a pointer for each permission and base role that changed. The roles Stalwart hands out by default, read from x:Authentication, say so before they are changed and cannot be deleted here; a role still in use is kept by the server, and the refusal names what uses it. The permission list is Stalwart's schema. A new route, GET /api/admin/permissions, fetches /api/schema as the signed-in account and returns only names and labels, behind the same two gates as the registry methods and held in memory for an hour. Its labels are English only, so every one of the 661 has a translation in each of the eight other languages, in its own file keyed by permission name and loaded only when Roles opens. A permission a later Stalwart adds shows its English label. A test holds every language to the 0.16.22 snapshot: nothing missing, nothing stale. The mock answers x:Role/set with the grant check, loops and in-use refusals, reads the defaults from x:Authentication, and serves the schema gzipped as the real one is. Fifty-two new strings and two plurals in all nine catalogues, and 661 permission labels with 59 headings in each of the eight translations.
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@@ -75,6 +75,10 @@ works the same way — and dropped where 0.15 was the whole subject. Support for
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Still from source only: that membership gives a member no permissions (`access_token.rs` builds a user's permissions from their own roles), and that groups cannot nest.
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- **Roles were built from the 0.16.22 source, its schema and the mock, and have not been written to on a live server.** Confirmed live (2026-09-15, read-only): `x:Role` has `description`, `enabledPermissions`, `disabledPermissions`, `roleIds` and `memberTenantId`, and a fresh server carries the four bootstrap roles. From source only: that a denial anywhere in a role's tree wins (`permissions.rs` unions enabled and disabled across the tree, then subtracts); that creating or changing a role is refused as `forbidden` "not authorized to grant" for a permission the caller lacks; that the defaults live on `x:Authentication` as `default{User,Group,Tenant,Admin}RoleIds`; and that deleting a role still in use is `objectIsLinked`. **`GET /api/schema` has not been fetched through ihasmail's server on production** — the route sends the session's Basic credential, which reaches every other endpoint, and the source serves the schema to any signed-in account; until it is seen working there the picker's fallback is a notice that the list could not be loaded.
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- **The permission labels in eight languages are machine translations awaiting native review.** 661 labels and 59 headings per language, written against each catalogue's existing terms. The translators flagged the terms they were least sure of, which are the place to start: *principal* (JMAP/DAV), *throttles*, *listeners*, *lookups*, *milters*, *masked emails*, *samples* (spam training), *schedules* (MTA delivery), *email submission*, and the MTA stage settings. Several of Stalwart's own English labels are identical for different permissions (ARF, DMARC and TLS reports are all "Get reports"), and the translations inherit that; the heading above tells them apart.
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- **A refused password shows the server's reason in English.** Every other refusal from the registry is said in the reader's language: each error type has its own message, and a value one of Stalwart's validators refused — a domain name, an address, an empty field — is recognised by the validator's wording and explained again rather than shown. A password policy is the exception, on purpose. Its rule is the server's to set, so there is nothing to translate it from in advance, and its reason follows a translated sentence rather than being dropped, which would leave "not accepted" with no way to find out why.
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- **Administration is off for a device not marked as your own, and for an installation that says so.** Both are enforced by the server rather than hidden by the menu: such a session is sent no permissions, and the JMAP proxy refuses registry methods beyond the account's own. That is worth stating because the proxy otherwise forwards whatever the browser sends, and before these gates an administrator's console could make any registry call their role allowed. For a session that may not administer, the proxy reads a request body only when it could name a registry method — a `"x:` in the text, or a `\u` escape that could spell one — so ordinary mail traffic is forwarded untouched.
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