Fix shell injection in the Zimbra backup and restore scripts
Both scripts built a command string by interpolating user input into
bash -c:
sudo -u zimbra bash -c "... -m '$EMAIL' ..."
The single quotes inside the double-quoted string are not protection --
the outer shell expands $EMAIL first. An address of
x' ; id ; echo '
closes the quote and runs arbitrary commands. Both scripts require root
and invoke this through sudo -u zimbra, so injected commands execute as
the account that owns the entire mail store. Verified against the exact
quoting pattern before and after the change.
Fixed by single-quoting the script body so nothing is interpolated, and
passing values as positional arguments. The bash -c wrapper is kept
deliberately rather than calling zmmailbox directly, since it may depend
on shell setup and this could not be tested against a live Zimbra.
Two related holes in the same input paths:
- $EMAIL is also part of the backup filename, so a "/" wrote outside
$BACKUP_DIR. Now validated as a plain address.
- The restore prompt took a filename and concatenated it into a path, so
"../../etc/shadow" escaped $BACKUP_DIR. Now rejects anything
containing a separator.
Also switched the backup listing from `ls | grep "$EMAIL"` to a find
with grep -F: unquoted the address was treated as a regex, so "." in it
matched any character.
This commit is contained in:
+13
-1
@@ -24,6 +24,14 @@ fi
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read -p "Enter Zimbra username (email address): " EMAIL
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read -p "Enter backup directory (absolute path) [/opt/zimbra/backups]: " BACKUP_DIR
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# Reject anything that is not a plain address. $EMAIL is used both as a
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# command argument and as part of the backup filename, so a "/" here
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# would write outside $BACKUP_DIR entirely.
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if ! [[ "$EMAIL" =~ ^[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\.[A-Za-z]{2,}$ ]]; then
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echo "❌ Not a valid email address: $EMAIL"
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exit 1
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fi
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# Use default if none provided
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BACKUP_DIR=${BACKUP_DIR:-/opt/zimbra/backups}
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@@ -45,7 +53,11 @@ fi
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# Run zmmailbox command as zimbra user
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echo "📦 Starting backup..."
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sudo -u zimbra bash -c "/opt/zimbra/bin/zmmailbox -z -m '$EMAIL' getRestURL '//?fmt=tgz'" > "$BACKUP_FILE"
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# The script body is single-quoted so nothing is interpolated into it;
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# $EMAIL arrives as a positional argument instead. Interpolating it (as
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# this line previously did) let any shell metacharacter in the address
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# run commands as the zimbra user, which owns the whole mail store.
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sudo -u zimbra bash -c '/opt/zimbra/bin/zmmailbox -z -m "$1" getRestURL "//?fmt=tgz"' _ "$EMAIL" > "$BACKUP_FILE"
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# Verify success
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if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
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